RDs and Thyroid Disease

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Something that is often told to the dietitian from their patient diagnosed with thyroid disease is that they have trouble losing weight. This occurs because the thyroid affects metabolism. Involuntary weight loss and weight gain is often seen in these patients. It can be discouraging and challenging to improve. Thyroid disease is linked with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. The scary thing is that thyroid disease is often undiagnosed and changes in weight is a common complaint from patients.

The thyroid is a major gland of the endocrine system that regulates almost every organ in the body. It monitors fat and carbohydrate metabolism, body temperature, brain development, respiration, cholesterol levels, and more. Thyroid disease can be classified as hyper or hypothyroidism. Symptoms of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, high blood pressure, diarrhea, and rapid heartbeat. Hyperthyroidism is typically treated with medication, surgery, or oral radioactive iodine. Slow metabolism causing weight gain, fatigue, dry skin and nails, and difficulty concentrating are symptoms of hypothyroidism. Thyroid replacement medication is used to correct the hormonal imbalances seen in hypothyroidism.
 
Thyroid disease is associated with cardiovascular disease and diabetes due to how the release of certain hormones affects the body. An endocrinologist seeks to normalize thyroid hormone levels to prevent future complications. Dietitians should avoid focusing solely on weight of their patients and put more emphasis on healthy and nutritious eating behaviors, regular exercise, stress management, and adequate sleep. Dietitians should set realistic goals for their patients with thyroid disease and understand the metabolic changes associated with it. Also understand that before focusing on weight goals, the patient’s labs and medications need to be adjusted and controlled.

Calorie and carbohydrate controlled diet plans are the best in patients with thyroid disease. Since there is a greater risk for cardiovascular problems and diabetes, it is best to emphasize lean proteins, vegetable, fruits, healthy fats, fiber, and portion control. Nutrient deficiencies and excesses can aggravate symptoms. Iodine, vitamin D, selenium, and vitamin B12 are associated with thyroid disease. Additionally, calcium supplement absorption can interact with common thyroid medications and should be taken at different times.

Harris, C. (2012, July). Thyroid disease and diet – nutrition plays a part in maintaining thyroid health. Today’s Dietitian, (14)7, 40.

-SK

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