Hyponatremia

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Reinagel, M. (2016, March/April). Who is affected by hyponatremia? Food & Nutrition. Page 14.


Hyponatremia is a life threatening condition that occurs when blood sodium levels drop below 135 mmol/L.  Excessive amounts of sodium are lost through urination, perspiration, vomiting or diarrhea, resulting in hyponatremia.  Overhydration, medications or certain health conditions, such as congestive heart failure, kidney disease, and syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic hormone can also cause dilutional hyponatremia.  Athletes, specifically female athletes who participate in long-duration sports most often experience hyponatremia.  Certain medications such as diuretics may deplete the body of electrolytes and therefore sodium, leading to low levels in the blood. Children and the elderly who receive intravenous administration of hypotonic fluids in excessive quantities or speeds can cause dilutional hyponatremia.  It’s also important to closely monitor patients who receive parental nutrition in effort to maintain proper fluid and electrolyte balance.

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