Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet

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Estruch, R., Ros, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Covas, M. I., Corella, D., Arós, F., ... & Lamuela-
            Raventos, R. M. (2013). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a
            Mediterranean diet. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(14), 1279-1290

Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet

Traditionally, the Mediterranean diet is known to be high in olive oil, fruits, nuts, vegetables, and cereals with a moderate intake of low fat meats like fish and poultry and a low intake of dairy products, processed meats, and sweets. In past research studies, adherence to a Mediterranean diet has been seen as beneficial with respect to cardiovascular disease. Oftentimes, the Mediterranean diet is seen as a dietary model to provide protection against coronary heart disease. This particular study was based on a randomized trial to test the effectiveness of two different Mediterranean diets- one supplemented with extra virgin olive oil and another supplemented with nuts- on CVD prevention. Participants were designated a specific diet (either one of the Mediterranean diets or controlled diet) and participated in either individual or group educational sessions taught by registered dietitians. Results from the study showed that a Mediterranean diet supplemented with either extra virgin olive oil or nuts resulted in an absolute risk reduction of 3 CVD events per 1000 people, for a risk reduction of around 30%, among high risk persons who initially were free of CVD disease. Results from this study compare closely with similar studies stating the benefits of the Mediterranean diet for CVD risk reduction. Risk of stroke was also reduced significantly in the two Mediterranean diet groups.

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